# EPUBCheck OPF-033: The spine contains no linear resources

Source: https://epublab.com/epubcheck/opf-033/ (updated 2026-11-03)

EPUBCheck OPF-033 is an error message: “The spine contains no linear resources.” Every item in the spine is marked linear="no", so there is nothing to read from start to end.

- Official message (EPUBCheck 5.4.0): The spine contains no linear resources.
- Default severity: Error

## Typical causes

- linear="no" applied to all items by mistake.

## How to fix it

- Remove linear="no" from the items that make up the main text.

Message text and severity: EPUBCheck (W3C, BSD-3-Clause). Explanation: EPUBLab.